Month: February 2025

Fundamentals of Ventriculo-Arterial Coupling: Understanding the Balance Using PV Loops

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Introduction The human cardiovascular system operates through a complex interplay between the heart and blood vessels to maintain optimal circulation. A critical aspect of this interaction is ventriculo-arterial coupling, which describes the balance between cardiac contractility and arterial load. This balance ensures efficient energy transfer from the heart to the arteries, optimizing cardiac output and … Read more

PV Loops Used for Determining Surgical Suitability: Baseline Hemodynamic Profiles in Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries (CCTGA)

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Introduction Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries (CCTGA) is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordance. The right ventricle (RV) assumes systemic circulation, which can lead to progressive dysfunction over time. Surgical intervention may be required, but assessing preoperative risk remains a challenge. Pressure-volume (PV loops) analysis has emerged as … Read more

Enhancing Real-Time Cardiac Monitoring with Baan’s Equation and PV Loop catheter Technologies

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Introduction Advancements in cardiac monitoring technology have transformed how clinicians assess heart function in real-time, particularly in intraoperative and critical care settings. Two pivotal innovations—Baan’s Equation and PV Loop catheter technologies—offer a synergistic approach to improving hemodynamic evaluation. Baan’s Equation provides a mathematical model to estimate ventricular volume, while the PV Loop catheter enables real-time … Read more

Fundamentals of PV Loops and Potential Energy: Calculation Methods

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Introduction The fundamentals of PV Loops and Potential Energy are essential for understanding cardiac mechanics and energy transfer within the heart. The PV loop (pressure-volume loop) graphically represents the changes in pressure and volume throughout the cardiac cycle, allowing researchers and clinicians to assess heart function dynamically. By analyzing the area enclosed within the PV … Read more

PV Loops and Mechanical Energy Efficiency: Impact of Afterload Modulation

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Introduction The heart is a highly efficient mechanical pump, continuously adjusting to changes in vascular conditions to maintain optimal cardiac output. A critical tool for analyzing cardiac function is the pressure-volume (PV) loop, which provides real-time insight into how the heart adapts to various physiological and pathological conditions. Among the many factors influencing cardiac performance, … Read more

Baseline PV Loop Analysis and RV-PA Coupling in Healthy vs. Diseased States

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Introduction Cardiovascular function is a complex interplay between the heart and vasculature, particularly between the right ventricle (RV) and pulmonary artery (PA). The efficiency of this relationship, termed RV-PA coupling, is a crucial determinant of right heart function. A key tool in evaluating RV-PA coupling is the pressure-volume (PV) loop analysis, which provides insights into … Read more

Electrophysiology Insights into PV Loop Changes During Catheter Ablation Procedures

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Introduction Catheter ablation is a widely used intervention for treating cardiac arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular tachycardia. This procedure directly alters myocardial tissue properties, impacting cardiac function and hemodynamics. One of the key methods to assess these changes is through pressure-volume (PV) loop hemodynamic in electrophysiology, which provides real-time insight into cardiac performance. … Read more

Echocardiography Pitfalls in PV Loop Data Acquisition

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Introduction Echocardiography has long been a cornerstone of cardiovascular imaging, offering non-invasive insights into heart function. However, when it comes to pressure-volume (PV) loop analysis, echocardiographic data acquisition presents several technical challenges. While PV loops provide crucial information about cardiac mechanics, accurately capturing this data via echocardiography is complex due to imaging limitations, hemodynamic variability, … Read more

Comparative Morphology of PV Loops in HFpEF and HFrEF

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Introduction Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by the heart’s inability to pump blood efficiently. It is broadly classified into two types: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). A valuable diagnostic tool for differentiating these conditions is pressure-volume (PV) loop analysis, which provides insight … Read more

Immediate PV Loop Changes Post-TEER: Acute Hemodynamic Adjustments

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Introduction Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair (TEER) has revolutionized the treatment of mitral regurgitation (MR), offering a minimally invasive alternative to open-heart surgery. One of the most critical aspects of TEER is its immediate impact on pressure-volume (PV) loop hemodynamics changes during TEER, which provides real-time insight into cardiac function modifications. Understanding the acute changes in preload, … Read more