Introduction The fundamentals of PV Loops and Potential Energy are essential for understanding cardiac mechanics and energy transfer within the heart. The PV loop (pressure-volume loop) graphically represents the changes in pressure and volume throughout the cardiac cycle, allowing researchers and clinicians to assess heart function dynamically. By analyzing the area enclosed within the PV … Read more
Introduction The heart is a highly efficient mechanical pump, continuously adjusting to changes in vascular conditions to maintain optimal cardiac output. A critical tool for analyzing cardiac function is the pressure-volume (PV) loop, which provides real-time insight into how the heart adapts to various physiological and pathological conditions. Among the many factors influencing cardiac performance, … Read more
Introduction Cardiovascular function is a complex interplay between the heart and vasculature, particularly between the right ventricle (RV) and pulmonary artery (PA). The efficiency of this relationship, termed RV-PA coupling, is a crucial determinant of right heart function. A key tool in evaluating RV-PA coupling is the pressure-volume (PV) loop analysis, which provides insights into … Read more
Introduction Catheter ablation is a widely used intervention for treating cardiac arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular tachycardia. This procedure directly alters myocardial tissue properties, impacting cardiac function and hemodynamics. One of the key methods to assess these changes is through pressure-volume (PV) loop hemodynamic in electrophysiology, which provides real-time insight into cardiac performance. … Read more
Introduction Echocardiography has long been a cornerstone of cardiovascular imaging, offering non-invasive insights into heart function. However, when it comes to pressure-volume (PV) loop analysis, echocardiographic data acquisition presents several technical challenges. While PV loops provide crucial information about cardiac mechanics, accurately capturing this data via echocardiography is complex due to imaging limitations, hemodynamic variability, … Read more
Introduction Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by the heart’s inability to pump blood efficiently. It is broadly classified into two types: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). A valuable diagnostic tool for differentiating these conditions is pressure-volume (PV) loop analysis, which provides insight … Read more
Introduction Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair (TEER) has revolutionized the treatment of mitral regurgitation (MR), offering a minimally invasive alternative to open-heart surgery. One of the most critical aspects of TEER is its immediate impact on pressure-volume (PV) loop hemodynamics changes during TEER, which provides real-time insight into cardiac function modifications. Understanding the acute changes in preload, … Read more
Introduction The heart functions as a highly efficient pump, dynamically adjusting to changing physiological conditions. Two critical factors influencing cardiac function are afterload and preload, which directly impact stroke work and overall cardiac efficiency. These parameters are best analyzed using PV loops: High-fidelity hemodynamics, a graphical representation of ventricular pressure-volume relationships. Understanding the interactions between … Read more
Understanding cardiac mechanics is pivotal in advancing diagnostic, therapeutic, and research methodologies for cardiovascular diseases. One of the most comprehensive ways to study the intricate workings of the heart is through pressure-volume (PV) loops, which illustrate the relationship between pressure and volume in the cardiac cycle. The advent of high-fidelity hemodynamics and computational modeling has … Read more
The Frank-Starling principle, one of the cornerstone concepts in cardiovascular physiology, explains how changes in ventricular preload influence stroke volume. This physiological phenomenon is effectively illustrated through shifts in the pressure-volume (PV) loops and the Frank-Starling Curve, making these tools indispensable for understanding cardiac function. In this article, we’ll delve deep into the Frank-Starling Law, … Read more