Understanding Atrial Shunting and PV Loop Morphology
A detailed analysis of how atrial shunting impacts the geometry and phases of the pressure-volume (PV) loop in the cardiac cycle reveals critical insights into the complexities of cardiac physiology. This article examines the fundamental concepts of atrial shunting, how it alters cardiac hemodynamics, and its impact on the PV loops in atrial shunting, which … Read more