Hemodynamic Alterations in Fontan Circulation: Insights from PV Loops
The Fontan circulation represents a pivotal approach for managing single-ventricle physiology in congenital heart disease patients. However, the unique physiology of the Fontan system—characterized by the absence of a sub-pulmonary ventricle—has profound implications for cardiovascular dynamics. Pressure-volume (PV) loops provide a robust framework to analyze these hemodynamic alterations, offering insights into how preload, afterload, and … Read more