Month: January 2026

PV Loops the Role of Vo (x-Intercept): A Powerful Guide With Clear Insights

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Introduction to Pressure–Volume (PV) Loops Pressure–volume (PV) loops are one of the most powerful tools used in cardiovascular physiology to understand how the heart works during each heartbeat. They combine pressure and volume changes in the left ventricle into a single diagram that tells a detailed story about cardiac performance. When learning PV loops the … Read more

Using conductance catheterization to determine suitability of repair in CCTGA patients: A Critical Clinical Insight

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Introduction Using conductance catheterization to determine suitability of repair in CCTGA patients has emerged as a powerful diagnostic strategy in modern congenital cardiology. Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) is a rare and complex heart condition where the heart’s ventricles and great arteries are anatomically reversed, yet blood flows in a physiologically “corrected” … Read more