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Understanding Aortic Stenosis: How Pressure Volume Loops Illustrate Left Ventricular Outflow Obstruction

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Introduction Aortic stenosis (AS) is a common and serious condition affecting the heart’s aortic valve, leading to restricted blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta. This obstruction can cause significant cardiac dysfunction and is associated with a variety of symptoms, including chest pain, fainting, and shortness of breath. Accurate diagnosis and assessment of … Read more

Understanding the Hemodynamic Changes in Aortic Regurgitation through PV Loops

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Aortic regurgitation is a condition where the aortic valve fails to close completely during diastole, allowing blood to flow back into the left ventricle (LV) from the aorta. This backward flow creates unique challenges for the cardiovascular system, particularly concerning hemodynamics—the study of blood flow. One of the most insightful tools for understanding these hemodynamic … Read more